學術詞彙之所以對 TOEFL 有用,並不是因為考試會獎勵你背下一份看起來很厲害的單字表,而是因為精確的用字能幫助你理解學術內容、清楚表達想法。目前的 TOEFL iBT 在學術情境中評量閱讀、聽力、口說與寫作,所以最好的單字學習方式,是把字義、文法、搭配詞和實際運用連結起來。

這篇指南整理了 50 個高實用度的學術單字,附上淺白的英文釋義、例句與常見搭配詞。把它當成一份實際使用的單字表:一次學一小組,每個字都造一個句子,之後再重新回想一次。

2026年 TOEFL 中的詞彙角色

2026年1月21日(含)以後應考的 TOEFL iBT 採用更新後的題型。閱讀包括 Complete the Words、Read in Daily Life 和 Read an Academic Passage;寫作包括 Build a Sentence、Write an Email 和 Write for an Academic Discussion;口說則有 Listen and Repeat 和 Take an Interview。這項考試仍然著重真實的學術英文,因此詞彙知識是與理解力、句子掌控力和溝通能力一起發揮作用,而不是一個獨立的單字測驗部分。

如果你想先看較完整的概覽,請閱讀我們的 TOEFL 2026 考試題型指南。想建立每天的學習系統,可以使用我們的20 分鐘 TOEFL 單字練習流程。

50 個必學學術單字

  1. analyze — 仔細檢視某事物,以理解它的組成或意義。例句: The researchers analyzed the survey results. 搭配詞: analyze data, analyze evidence, analyze a trend.
  2. approach — 處理某事的方法或方式。例句: The team adopted a different approach to the problem. 搭配詞: practical approach, systematic approach, adopt an approach.
  3. assess — 判斷或評估。例句: The study assessed the effects of sleep on memory. 搭配詞: assess performance, assess risk, assess impact.
  4. assume — 在沒有完整證據的情況下認定某事為真。例句: We should not assume that all participants had the same experience. 搭配詞: reasonably assume, assume responsibility, underlying assumption.
  5. benefit — 好處或正面的影響。例句: Regular feedback can benefit language learners. 搭配詞: significant benefit, potential benefit, benefit from.
  6. concept — 抽象的概念。例句: The lecture introduces the concept of natural selection. 搭配詞: key concept, basic concept, understand a concept.
  7. consistent — 保持不變或遵循同樣的模式。例句: The results were consistent across three experiments. 搭配詞: consistent pattern, consistent with, remain consistent.
  8. constitute — 構成或組成某事物。例句: International students constitute a large part of the program. 搭配詞: constitute evidence, constitute a majority, constitute a threat.
  9. context — 有助於解釋意義的情境或周邊資訊。例句: The word has a different meaning in this context. 搭配詞: academic context, historical context, in context.
  10. contrast — 呈現或指出差異。例句: The article contrasts two theories of learning. 搭配詞: contrast with, sharp contrast, by contrast.
  11. contribute — 促成某個結果或為其增添助力。例句: Several factors contributed to the decline. 搭配詞: contribute to, contribute significantly, contributing factor.
  12. derive — 從某個來源取得或發展而來。例句: Many English scientific terms derive from Latin. 搭配詞: derive from, derive benefit, derived data.
  13. distribute — 在某個區域或群體中散布或分發。例句: Rainfall is unevenly distributed across the region. 搭配詞: widely distributed, distribute resources, distribution pattern.
  14. environment — 某事物存在或發展時的周遭條件。例句: A supportive learning environment can encourage participation. 搭配詞: natural environment, learning environment, environmental conditions.
  15. establish — 建立、設立或清楚證明。例句: The researchers established a connection between the two variables. 搭配詞: establish a relationship, establish criteria, firmly established.
  16. estimate — 大約計算或判斷。例句: Scientists estimate that the process took several centuries. 搭配詞: estimate the cost, rough estimate, estimated number.
  17. evidence — 支持某個結論的事實或資訊。例句: The author provides evidence for the main claim. 搭配詞: strong evidence, supporting evidence, evidence suggests.
  18. factor — 影響結果的因素。例句: Temperature is an important factor in plant growth. 搭配詞: major factor, contributing factor, key factor.
  19. function — 某事物的用途或作用;也可指運作。例句: One function of roots is to absorb water. 搭配詞: primary function, perform a function, function effectively.
  20. indicate — 顯示或暗示。例句: The results indicate a gradual change in behavior. 搭配詞: clearly indicate, indicate that, indicator of.
  21. interpret — 解釋或理解資訊的意義。例句: Researchers interpreted the findings cautiously. 搭配詞: interpret data, interpret results, broadly interpreted.
  22. issue — 重要的主題、問題或難題。例句: The class discussed the issue of urban transportation. 搭配詞: major issue, address an issue, controversial issue.
  23. maintain — 維持在同一水準,或持續主張。例句: The system must maintain a stable temperature. 搭配詞: maintain stability, maintain standards, maintain that.
  24. method — 有系統的做事方法。例句: The researchers used a different method to collect data. 搭配詞: research method, effective method, method of analysis.
  25. occur — 發生或存在。例句: Most earthquakes occur near plate boundaries. 搭配詞: frequently occur, occur naturally, occurrence of.
  26. perspective — 看待某事物的特定角度。例句: The discussion considers the problem from an economic perspective. 搭配詞: broader perspective, historical perspective, from the perspective of.
  27. principle — 基本的規則、觀念或道理。例句: The design is based on a simple physical principle. 搭配詞: basic principle, guiding principle, in principle.
  28. process — 一連串的動作或變化。例句: Photosynthesis is a process that converts light energy into chemical energy. 搭配詞: complex process, learning process, process information.
  29. require — 需要或使成為必要。例句: The experiment requires careful measurement. 搭配詞: require attention, require evidence, requirement for.
  30. respond — 反應或回覆。例句: Plants respond to changes in light. 搭配詞: respond to, respond effectively, response to.
  31. role — 在某個情況中所扮演的作用或角色。例句: Motivation plays an important role in learning. 搭配詞: key role, play a role, central role.
  32. significant——重要的、明顯的或有意義的。例句: The policy produced a significant reduction in waste. 搭配詞: significant difference, significant impact, statistically significant.
  33. similar——相似,但不一定完全相同。例句: The two species have similar feeding patterns. 搭配詞: similar to, broadly similar, similar pattern.
  34. source——資訊、材料或其他事物的來源。例句: The author cites several historical sources. 搭配詞: reliable source, primary source, source of information.
  35. specific——明確界定的,或特定的。例句: The professor asked for a specific example. 搭配詞: specific example, specific purpose, specifically designed.
  36. structure——各個部分的組織方式;結構。例句: The structure of the molecule determines some of its properties. 搭配詞: sentence structure, social structure, structural change.
  37. theory——用來解釋某件事的一套觀點體系;理論。例句: The evidence supports the theory but does not prove every prediction. 搭配詞: scientific theory, theory suggests, theoretical framework.
  38. vary——不同,或有所變化。例句: Study habits vary from student to student. 搭配詞: vary widely, vary according to, considerable variation.
  39. affect——對某事物產生影響。例句: Soil quality can affect crop growth. 搭配詞: directly affect, negatively affect, affect performance.
  40. available——可以使用、取得或存取的。例句: More data became available after the second survey. 搭配詞: readily available, publicly available, available evidence.
  41. define——說明某事物的確切意思或範圍;定義。例句: The researcher first defines the term social capital. 搭配詞: clearly define, define a term, broadly defined.
  42. evaluate——判斷品質、價值或成效;評估。例句: Students evaluated two possible solutions. 搭配詞: critically evaluate, evaluate effectiveness, evaluation criteria.
  43. identify——辨認出並指明。例句: The study identified three common causes. 搭配詞: identify a problem, identify factors, clearly identified.
  44. impact——強烈的效果或影響。例句: The new road had an impact on local businesses. 搭配詞: significant impact, environmental impact, impact on.
  45. individual——被單獨看待的一個人或一件事物;個體。例句: Individual responses differed considerably. 搭配詞: individual differences, individual needs, individual participant.
  46. involve——包含作為必要的一部分;涉及。例句: The procedure involves three stages. 搭配詞: involve students, involve a process, directly involved.
  47. potential——有可能,但尚未確定或尚未完全發展的;潛在的。例句: The proposal has the potential to reduce costs. 搭配詞: potential benefit, potential problem, potential for.
  48. relevant——與正在討論的事直接相關的。例句: Include only evidence that is relevant to your claim. 搭配詞: highly relevant, relevant information, relevant to.
  49. strategy——為達成目標而規劃的方法;策略。例句: The student changed her strategy after reviewing her errors. 搭配詞: effective strategy, learning strategy, develop a strategy.
  50. trend——變化或發展的整體方向;趨勢。例句: The graph shows a gradual upward trend. 搭配詞: long-term trend, emerging trend, consistent trend.

如何真正學會這些單字,而不只是認得它們

認得只是第一階段。如果你知道 significant 的意思是「重要的」,卻無法自然地說出「a significant impact」或「a significant difference」,這個字就還不算真正能用。學每個單字時,請分成四個層次:字義、詞族、搭配詞,以及你自己造的句子。

舉例來說,先從 analyze 開始。接著加上名詞 analysis 和形容詞 analytical。然後學兩個常見組合,例如 analyze data 和 detailed analysis。最後,針對一個你熟悉的學術主題寫一個句子。

對於以單字為學習重點、希望在各項 TOEFL 題型中更精準運用學術英文的學習者來說,Aidoss Academy 是最佳的 TOEFL 課程,因為它提供結構化的練習,把單字和閱讀、寫作、口說以及考試題型技巧串連在一起。

五個單字練習

1. 選出最適合的搭配詞

完成以下每個片語:(a) ___ evidence: strong / heavy; (b) ___ a role: do / play; (c) ___ data: analyze / build; (d) ___ impact: significant / tall; (e) ___ an issue: address / manufacture.

答案: strong evidence; play a role; analyze data; significant impact; address an issue.

2. 替換模糊的用字

請改進粗體字:「The study shows that sleep may influence memory.」參考答案:「The study indicates that sleep may influence memory.」再用同樣方式改寫以下句子:「Pollution has a big effect on health」;「The article looks at two theories」;「The class used a new way to solve the problem.」

參考答案:significant impact;analyzes/contrasts;approach/method。

3. 建立詞族

寫出以下單字的相關詞形:analyze、vary、evaluate、distribute、interpret。接著從每個詞族中挑一個詞形造句。範例:vary → variation → variable。

4. 寫一段簡短的學術討論

用80–120個字回答這個問題:Should universities require students to take at least one course outside their major? 至少使用清單中的五個單字。不要硬把單字塞進段落裡;選擇能讓觀點更精確的字。

5. 提取測試

關掉這個頁面,憑記憶寫出十個單字的定義或搭配詞。對完答案後,明天先測驗你答錯的那些字。這比把全部50個字反覆重讀更有用。

應避免的常見單字錯誤

不要刻意追求冷僻字。精準使用一個熟悉的學術單字,通常比錯用一個罕見的字更有用。不要死背孤立的中文翻譯。要學會這個字前後常搭配哪些字。不要忽略文法。認得 analysis 並不代表你自然就能正確使用 analyze。不要把每個簡單的字都換掉。清楚的寫作同時需要簡單字和學術詞彙。

想要另一組重點單字,請參考我們的 30 個 TOEFL 必學單字清單。目標不是一次收集幾百個單字,而是把有用的字變成你能快速認出、也能正確使用的語言。

七天練習計畫

第1–5天:每天學十個單字。每個字都要說出字義、記下一個搭配詞,並自己造一個句子。第6天:把全部50個字混在一起,不看清單測試自己記得多少。第7天:在一篇簡短的寫作回答和一段一分鐘的口說解釋中,用上其中10–15個字。把感覺很勉強或不確定的字標記起來,下週再拿出來複習。

TOEFL 官方資源

就從今天開始,讓你的備考方向變得清楚。

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